The arrival of CBDC is, short of a nuclear war, THE most important change on the immediate horizon as well as the most dangerous one for individual freedom. 
  When introduced, there will be no turning back. My personal (educated) guess, is that it will be almost impossible to get it right (reason why it is not already here.) 
  You can get familiar with the subject bellow in this well argumented explanation of the system as well as issues related to its implementation. 
Authored by Efrat Fenigson via Bitcoin Magazine,
The
 current state of Central Bank Digital Currency Projects globally 
summarized by Efrat Enigson, independent journalist and host of the 
"You're The Voice" podcast...

“What underpins a world order is always the financial system.
We
 are on the brink of a dramatic change where we are about to, and I'll 
say this boldly, abandon the traditional system of money and accounting 
and introduce a new one. And the new one is what we call blockchain.
It
 means digital. It means having an almost perfect record of every single
 transaction that happens in the economy, which will give us far greater
 clarity over what's going on. It also raises huge dangers in terms of 
the balance of power between states and citizens. In my opinion, we're 
going to need a digital constitution of human rights if we're going to 
have digital money.
Most people think that digital money is crypto and private, but what I see are superpowers introducing digital currency. The
 Chinese were the first. The US is on the brink of moving in the same 
direction. The Europeans have committed to that as well.”
This
 revolutionary speech about a new financial system, was delivered at the
 World Government Summit in March 2022 in Dubai, by Philippa "Pippa" 
Malmgren, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) and Chatham
 House; her father, Harald Malmgren served as a senior advisor to US 
Presidents Kennedy, Nixon, Ford and others. She’s a technology 
entrepreneur and economist, who served as Special Assistant to President
 George W. Bush, for Economic Policy on the National Economic Council 
and is a former member of the President's Working Group on Financial 
Markets and Corporate Governance.
Her words about the transition 
to a new world order that requires a new financial structure correspond 
well with the words of French President Emmanuel Macron in June 2023 at 
the Global Finance Summit in Paris: "The world needs a public financial 
shock to fight global warming, and the current system is not suitable 
for dealing with the world's challenges." The president of Brazil, Lula 
da Silva, also called for
 "a clean slate" and said the Bretton Woods organizations (World Bank, 
International Monetary Fund) do not serve their goals nor respond to 
society's needs.

The Summit for a New Global Financing Pact. Photo: Ricardo Stuckert/PR
“THE NEW BRETTON WOODS MOMENT”
“A
 new international monetary system is taking shape, some call it the new
 Bretton Woods moment that needs to be seized to create a new global 
financial governance,” says the investigative journalist Whitney Webb in a recent sitdown interview,
 where she mention that according to Mark Carney, former governor of the
 Bank of England & Bank of Canada and the UN Special Envoy for 
Climate Action and Finance, the three pillars of the new multi-polar 
world are Digital IDs, CBDCs and ESG, through a global carbon market. 
All world governments are pushing this agenda, that in order for it to 
succeed, all monetary systems and supporting systems must become digital
 and rely on digital data.
A good example of this was revealed at an event of the Central Bank of 
Israel with the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) – which I 
attended – in September 2023 in Tel Aviv, where the “Genesis Project”
 was presented. As part of this project, "green" bonds are issued, based
 on carbon quotas in the CBDC infrastructure. This is how the climate 
agenda is linked to financial markets.
“DEBT SERFDOM”
“Stablecoins
 could be the way in which the US is further globalizing the dollar, 
spreading its adoption directly to the world’s general public in order 
to continue increasing its debt and encourage uptake and usage of the 
dollar”, says Mark Goodwin, Editor in Chief of Bitcoin Magazine, in this
 interview with Whitney Webb. He suggests that the politician’s outcry 
of de-dollarization and the weakening of the dollar are a distraction 
from perpetuating the dollar as the world’s reserve currency.
“While CBDCs are what people are becoming fearful and aware of, it may 
just be the red herring, and the real strategy of the US dollar's 
survival is highly regulated stablecoins (such as Tether), which can 
easily be programmable, even more than CBDCs, as well as seized, 
regulated and controlled indirectly by governments. 100 billion dollars 
in treasuries were already purchased by Tether, its subsidiaries and 
owners. Tether is positioned alongside the top 20 nation states buying 
debt from the US, with around one tenth of China or Japan that have a 
trillion dollars debt to the US”.

Whitney Webb & Mark Goodwin. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yC9dJYqDZ9c
This
 theory, together with the words of Mark Carney, Pippa Malmgren, 
Emmanuel Macron & Lula Da Silva, join the calls of global leaders 
and heads of states, pointing to the replacement of the monetary and 
financial world order, to introduce a new monetary system. Many experts 
say that we are reaching the end of the current fiat monetary system 
experiment, which is destined to collapse. Since world leaders are aware
 of this, they prefer to engineer a controlled demolition, to maintain 
control and steer the course, and enter the new era with power firmly 
within their grasp.
CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY SYSTEM (CBDC)
Central
 Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), tie the financial freedom of citizens 
to the government and the banking establishment. The central bank issues
 its centralized digital currencies, and essentially creates a new 
monetary system, "fiat on steroids", a system that takes everything that
 is bad in the fiat system, and adds more of it; surveillance, control, 
censorship, and enforcement capabilities. A modern prison? Indeed, the 
CBDC is the ultimate prototype of a prison without physical chains. By 
connecting CBDCs to digital identity cards, and to government systems 
such as universal basic income, social credits and more, we get the 
ultimate control apparatus. This apparatus will dictate to citizens what
 they’re allowed to purchase, what the permitted quotas are while 
limiting consumption according to rules and use cases, at programmed 
times, places and cadences. The system is able to determine the use of a
 geographic radius (geo-fencing), and to determine expiration dates on 
the money. Each remote controlled digital wallet can also be switched on
 and off by its operators. More than 130 countries are in the initial 
stages of piloting CBDC systems, of which 36 countries are in advanced 
pilots, and 3 countries have already launched systems (Nigeria, Jamaica 
and the Bahamas).
Ripple,
 a digital payment network and transaction protocol that owns the 
cryptocurrency XRP, is considered one of the most popular 
cryptocurrencies, and is strategically positioning itself at the heart 
of government financial innovation, aiming to be the cornerstone of 
future CBDCs.
The company is in talks with about twenty 
governments around the world to develop their CBDCs using Ripple's 
technology. In May 2023, Ripple launched a dedicated CBDC platform to 
assist central banks, governments and financial institutions around the 
world in issuing CBDCs and stablecoins. To date, Ripple has partnered 
with six governments for CBDC pilot projects: Georgia, Colombia, Montenegro, Hong Kong, Bhutan and the Republic of Palau.
The National Bank of Georgia,
 for example, has chosen Ripple as its technology partner for its CBDC 
pilot last year, citing Ripple's technical expertise and team 
capabilities. Its interest in CBDCs is in leveraging modern 
technologies, such as the programmability aspect of CBDCs, aiming to 
create a platform with smart contract and programmable token 
capabilities to stimulate innovation in the financial sector.
In the case of Bhutan,
 Ripple’s technology was chosen in 2021 for the country’s CBDC project 
to enable advanced cross-border payments, and assist in “financial 
inclusion” - in line with Bhutan’s mission to increase financial 
inclusion in Bhutan to 85% by 2023.
In 2022, Ripple reached the final stage of the G20 Techsprint CBDC Hackathon,
 hosted by Indonesia and the Bank of International Settlements (BIS), 
and in August 2023, the Republic of Palau launched a USD-backed digital 
currency, developed by Ripple.
Promoting its platform as an 
infrastructure for a CBDC, Ripple advocates for government regulation of
 cryptocurrencies, and tries to position itself as the preferred 
solution for CBDC projects. Its claim to fame of being the ideal CBDC 
partner for governments is the combination of speed, efficiency, a 
sustainable and "green" blockchain network that uses little energy 
(compared to the Bitcoin network), and interoperability - the ability to
 communicate and work with CBDC solutions in other countries on the 
Ripple infrastructure. The company warns that
 there is a risk for CBDC adoption by the public, caused mainly by a 
lack of market education, and it encourages the programming and 
expiration dates capabilities, which are perceived by most of the public
 as particularly Orwellian features of CBDCs.
Ripple
 encourages the abolition of cash (and a move to a cashless society), 
and unsurprisingly, it promotes the climate agenda; The company's 
website presents its commitment to a clean, prosperous and secure 
low-carbon future, with a plan to reach carbon net-zero by 2030.
Apparently,
 in line with Ripple’s expansion strategy vis-a-vis governments, the 
company makes sure to recruit employees who came from central and 
commercial banks. One of the company's top executives is Andrew Whitworth,
 policy director at Ripple, who previously worked at the Bank of 
England. At the same time as his role in Ripple, Whitworth also serves 
as a Director of
 the "Digital Pound Foundation", an organization that has declared 
itself the authority on the Digital Pound; it advises and influences the
 government's decisions regarding CBDC projects and deployments. Clearly
 an inside connection such as this might give Ripple an advantage in 
shaping digital currency policies to fit their platform and solutions. 
Does this hint a conflict of interests, or at least an unfair play?
Another avenue through which institutional influence and implicit control over Ripple could manifest is via a legal battle with
 the SEC (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) concerning the XRP 
cryptocurrency. Engaging in such legal disputes inevitably positions 
Ripple in a scenario where maintaining a positive relationship with 
institutions becomes crucial. Consequently, it's no surprise that Ripple
 prioritizes governments, central banks, and financial institutions as 
its primary target audience in its market strategy.

Photo: Lord XRP Twitter account
INTERESTING DEVELOPMENTS IN CBDC
China spent
 a couple of years rolling out relatively failed CBDC projects without 
widespread adoption, while injecting 30 million yuan as free money to 
encourage user adoption. Transactions using the digital yuan hit 1.8 trillion yuan (US$249 billion) in June 2023.
Recently,
 significant progress has been made: the two main payment services and 
applications in China - WeChat and Alipay - which have a traffic of 
about 3-4 trillion dollars per year, integrated the Chinese CBDC service
 into their applications. The central bank regulator made it
 clear that digital yuan isn’t meant to compete with the two payments 
giants. Rather, it’s supposed to play a complementary role.
Elon Musk,
 who owns, among other things, the Twitter/X platform, has stated that 
he wants to make the platform an "everything app" like the Chinese 
WeChat, including payment management. Will X also follow the Chinese 
route and integrate the CBDC solution into it, or will it try to become a
 CBDC infrastructure itself with the help of Musk's favorite 
cryptocurrency, the Dogecoin?
The CBDC pilot in Nigeria didn't
 exactly take off either, after the citizens took to the streets to 
protest the abolition of cash in the country, and resented the 
introduction of an unneeded digital solution, while demanding the return
 of cash. After a long and painful protest, the cash was returned 
alongside the new digital currency, which was not canceled and became 
part of reality. Furthermore, a new stablecoin is in preparation in 
Sandbox mode in Nigeria. The cNGN is
 a Naira stablecoin which some claim has more potential than the e-Naira
 to be widely adopted. “The stablecoin will be more broadly 
interoperable than the CBDC, which is only available in the central 
bank’s wallet. At launch, the central bank’s wallet usability was weak, 
although it is now quite good”, said Bolu Abiodun, a reporter at Techpoint Africa.

Source
The
 UK saw a strong public backlash to Prime Minister Rishi Sunak last 
year, with more than 50,000 responses sent to the Bank of England 
following a public hearing on the Digital Pound, aka the UK's national 
CBDC.
GERMANY - AWARENESS OF "EXCESSIVE SURVEILLANCE"
In Germany, the technical guidelines document for
 a digital currency of a central bank was published in January 2024. 
Below are several quotes from the document, reflecting the tyrannical 
nature of the new currency, and the awareness of the central bank for 
trust issues it can create:
- Programmability is
 the institution’s authority to dedicate your money for certain uses, 
and to prohibit the use of your wallet when it is "outside the permitted
 scope".
 
- "The central bank can revoke CBDC notes, e. g. as 
an instrument of monetary control. Revocation of CBDC notes is performed
 by an authorized entity, the revocation authority, controlled and 
operated by the central bank." This sounds like a technique to 
confiscate and apply a shelf life to money.
 
- "Payments 
permitted under certain restrictions.. if the central bank sees fit to 
impose them" - the document lists restrictions that can be applied to 
wallets, depending on the amount of personal information that will be 
provided. For example, the amount of money in the wallet, the number of 
payments per day, the amount of money per transaction or per day.
 
- The
 good news: The German central bank is aware of the possibility of 
public opposition to a surveillance system: "Many of these design 
choices are general decisions on the trade-off between excessive 
surveillance and legitimate monitoring functions for AML and KYC 
purposes in conjunction with measures for mitigating fraud and 
misconduct. These decisions are extremely sensitive in nature and can 
strongly influence the level of trust that users place into the CBDC”.
ISRAEL - THE DIGITAL SHEKEL WILL BE DISTRIBUTED THROUGH COMMERCIAL BANKS
Israel
 takes an extensive and active part in various CBDC pilots, such as the 
Sela project, Eden, Icebreaker and more, which I have reported on
 extensively in the past. The Deputy Governor of the Bank of Israel 
announced that in December 2024 a technical design document for the 
Digital Shekel will be published, and its implementation will then begin
 in partnership with the private sector.
The Bank of Israel's latest document from last week covers the proposed architecture of the Digital Shekel. Here are some interesting points from the document:
- The
 distribution of the Digital Shekel will be two-tiered: instead of 
direct contact between consumers and the central bank for funding and 
defunding, an indirect method similar to the distribution of cash today 
will be used. The banks will purchase digital shekels from the central 
bank in large quantities and transfer them to customers upon wallet 
charging. 
- The system will be able to apply and enforce 
limits, for example limits on the balance that users are allowed to hold
 in the Digital Shekel. 
- The system will support the possibility of applying interest on the Digital Shekel. 
- Users
 will be able to access the Digital Shekel through several payment 
providers, including credit cards, Google/Apple Pay, wearables, payment 
apps and more. 
- Unlike most retail CBDC solutions, 
Israel's model allows users to open a wallet with a payment service 
provider (PSP) and connect to multiple third-party banks to fund and 
defund balances. 
Another interesting development in Israel is the announcement of a plan to launch a new stablecoin pegged to the shekel, called BILS,
 by the exchange platform, Bits Of Gold. Crypto Jungle website reports 
that the Israeli Capital Market Authority approved the pilot, according 
to the draft principles published by the Central Bank of Israel. 
Interesting to note that the company providing the infrastructure for 
the issuance and custody of the currency is the Israeli technology giant
 "FireBlocks", which took part in the "Eden"
 pilot project of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange for the issuance of 
digital bonds, built to adapt in the future to a potential CBDC 
infrastructure.
NO INTERNET? DON'T WORRY, GOVERNMENTS WILL TAKE CARE OF CONNECTIVITY ANYWAY
A
 number of CBDC pilots, like in India, the European Union and more, 
focus on the adoption of the system by everyone, even amongst people 
without internet access. The washed-up name "financial inclusion" 
implies that the system will not skip anyone, not even citizens without 
Internet connectivity in remote areas, or without reception. In India for
 example, there are 683 million people living without an internet 
connection and largely outside the control of the state. The Reserve 
Bank of India (RBI) plans to bring these remote areas into a new 
surveillance network through various technological means. A successful 
launch of CBDC in India also corresponds with the government's 
overarching goal of reducing cash usage and improving financial 
monitoring.
THAILAND - FREE MONEY FOR THE MASSES
In
 September 2023, the Thai government announced that any Thai citizen 
over the age of 16 who chooses to participate in the CBDC pilot, will 
receive free CBDC worth $280 (10,000 baht) - quite a lot of money in 
Thai terms. This digital money will be loaded into the digital wallet 
application and will be available for use within 6 months, and within a 
radius of 4 km from the residence of the registered citizens. The pilot 
targets low-income citizens as a first stage, and later expands to 
entrepreneurs and small business operators - provided they are 
registered in the tax system. In Thailand many citizens are not 
registered in the government systems and not everyone has a bank 
account. It seems that air-dropping "free money" is another tactic to 
lure citizens into government systems, with the bait of “free” 
controlled government money. But is there such a thing as “free lunch”?
THE EUROPEAN UNION - A POSITIVE MARKETING CAMPAIGN IN HIGH GEAR
The
 European Union launched a marketing campaign to promote the digital 
euro about six months ago, to start educating the European public about a
 reality where that they will be obliged to use a supervised digital 
euro, led by Christine Lagarde, who was previously convicted of crimes and was promoted to serve as the governor of the European Central Bank, the ECB.

The Digital Euro new marketing campaign. Source: Christine Lagarde’s Twitter account
At
 the same time, a charade is going on in the European Union Parliament 
where the dangers of CBDCs are being discussed, only thanks to the 
public awareness and discourse, while Lagarde rushes forward and kicks 
off the marketing campaign to instill in the public the following 
messages: the digital euro is easy, safe, fast and reliable. Not a word 
about its Orwellian capabilities to track, program, limit and condition 
activity through expiration dates, geo-fencing, and remote on and off 
switching.

Another ECB campaign video for the Digital Euro
THE DIGITAL EURO WILL NOT BE ANONYMOUS
In
 a discussion at the European Union Council in 2023, Lagarde emphasizes a
 point: the digital euro will not be anonymous. Privacy will exist in 
the system, but not anonymity. Let’s break this up in a different way: 
for the banks, the key to surveillance and control is identification. 
The bank must know who the citizen is and verify their identity, in 
order to exercise law enforcement or regulations, through technological 
restrictions. Lagarde's claim that the technology will allow privacy but
 not anonymity is unfounded: apparently the central bank considers 
itself and the financial service providers some kind of God, since in 
front of them the citizen will be identified, and therefore it is not 
clear what kind of privacy can exist, without anonymity.

Source: Christine Lagarde’s Twitter account
In a presentation from
 March 2024, the ECB presents a timetable for the Digital Euro. In 
November 2025, the development and implementation phase will begin, with
 the completion of the "democratic" legislative process.
The 
timing of the launch of the Digital Euro corresponds well with the 
European Union's initiative to issue digital identity cards to all EU 
residents between now and 2030, to enable the necessary government 
identification and tracking of its citizens. Identical initiatives are 
enacted and promoted in many other countries around the world at the 
same time. Where I live, in Israel, ID cards and passports have been 
mandatory and digital for many years, and also biometric since 2013 - 
therefore there is no need to start the marketing campaign for the 
Digital Shekel yet, as the digital infrastructure exists hence the first
 step of digitalization is already done.

The timetable of the Digital Euro by the ECB
This
 phase of the project is the "preparation phase", the ECB reveals, in 
which they are preparing for the launch phase of the Digital Euro. Of 
course, we are reassured that no final decision has yet been made 
regarding the launch of the CBDC, and this will only happen with the 
approval of the "Government Council" after the completion of the 
democratic legislative process of the European Union. Therefore, in 
parallel with the democratic debate for or against the Digital Euro, the
 development of the technology will continue, in order to be prepared 
for the launch.
Central bank governors such as Lagarde and Bank of Israel Governor Amir Yaron insist
 that the CBDC is digital cash, and also insist that physical cash will 
not be abolished. It is possible that these central bankers feel the 
need to make a U-turn from the incriminating speech of the head of the 
Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Augustin Carstens, who caused a
 public outcry when he stated in 2020 that the CBDC technology, unlike 
cash, will allow monitoring of financial transactions and will be a 
means of enforcement by the establishment:
“The key difference 
with the CBDC is the central bank will have absolute control of the 
rules and regulations that will determine the use of that
expression (money) of central bank liability, and also we will have the technology to enforce that.”
AgustÃn Carstens - BIS General Manager
THE FUTURE: CENTRALIZED AND CONTROLLED, OR FREE, DECENTRALIZED AND SECURE?
Ayn
 Rand, author and philosopher, said that "We can ignore reality, but we 
cannot ignore the consequences of ignoring reality." Are we taking giant
 steps towards a new monetary reality, where the fiat currencies we know
 become fiat on steroids, aka CBDCs? Or into the reality of "stable" and
 closely regulated cryptocurrencies, tethered to fiat? Either way, the 
feeling is that the establishment is doing everything to preserve the 
debt economy, and its inherent modern slavery. The only way to break 
these fiat-matrix boundaries is to opt out and enter into a new system, 
which seems to run in a parallel reality, the Bitcoin system. On the 
Bitcoin standard, under self-custody, no third party has the ability to 
confiscate, program or take over private assets. Not even the government
 or the state. Bitcoin uses a lot of energy for its mining, but this 
proof-of-work mechanism makes the blockchain network extremely secure 
and the Bitcoin currency very valuable. Bitcoin is "safe money", which 
is out of reach for the establishment. Unlike most other 
cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin is a digital currency without intermediaries 
or third parties (peer-to-peer) in a decentralized and secure network, 
which allows everyone to be their own bank, instead of relying on banks 
and external parties. With a fixed and known supply, it represents the 
most powerful digital asset on the market as a store of value and as a unit of account, and in the future will also be used as a medium of exchange.
In my recent interview with the media and finance expert, and one of the most famous Bitcoiners, Max Keiser,
 he compared the CBDC to a parasitic and centralized cancer: "If you 
were to look at the amount of energy that Bitcoin uses and the rate at 
which it's increasing, you would say good is triumphing over evil. So 
this gives me a lot of hope. And I don't think centralization in 
anything works at all, except cancer. Cancer is the only thing that 
seems to work to be overly centralized and parasitic. That's the cancer 
model, but I think we're gonna win against the cancer of CBDCs.” 
Follow Efrat's work here.